JESUS, THE LIVING STONE

V EASTER SUNDAY - 1 Peter 2:4-9

Speaking of Jesus Christ, the apostle Peter tells us that He is “the living stone”, “chosen by God and precious to him”. Despite being rejected by men, there will be no building that may last but the one built upon this stone. He is the cornerstone that becomes a stumbling block that will bring down all those who refuse to believe in Him. Thus, Peter invites us to become living stones in communion with Him. The Church is the “spiritual house”, built upon Christ, that is to be our home. In Christ, we become “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a consecrated nation, a people set apart to sing the praises of God”.

In the gospel, Jesus presents himself as the Way, the Truth and the Life (Jn 14:1-12). Through him, we come to the Father, and we must realise that “He is the image of the invisible God” (Col 1:15). Thus, when we see him, we see the Father. In communion with Him, we are in communion with the Father.

In the first reading, taken from the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 6:1-7), we see the struggle of the Early Church to live out that communion with the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Since the beginning, the Church has had a social dimension, paying attention to the most vulnerable, looking after the widows. However, being human, the good intentions become easily tainted by selfish interests. And signs of discrimination on a tribal basis appeared: "The Hellenists made a complaint against the Hebrews: in the daily distribution their own widows were being overlooked.”

In an attempt to solve the problem, the apostles “called a full meeting of the disciples”. Indeed, matters affecting the Church are matters that must be the concern of all. The apostles made it clear that they should concentrate on the proclamation of the word of God. That is their ministry: they must be at the service of the word, accompanied by prayer. The community must take responsibility for other matters. Thus, it was decided to create a new ministry – the ministry of deacons – to be at the service of the community and its needs. As the Church grows, all members must be actively involved in the search for solutions to the arising problems and involved as well in the actual service of the community. That is what nowadays is called the synodal dimension of the Church. However, to the apostles belongs the great duty of giving witness to Jesus Christ and dedicating themselves to the proclamation of the word and to worship.

I AM THE GATE

IV EASTER SUNDAY – John 10:1-10

This fourth Sunday of Easter is also called the 'Good Shepherd Sunday’. We fix our eyes on Jesus Christ, the Good Shepherd who leads us to fresh and green pastures, where he gives us repose. 

In the first reading, Peter gives a brief summary of the essential tenets of our Christian faith. The Crucified rose from the dead and is seated at the right hand of the Father, who made him Lord and Christ. He is the Saviour and the Redeemer. This is the basic proclamation of faith, which has implications for us who hear it: we must repent, be baptised in the name of Jesus and then receive the Holy Spirit, the great gift of God’s love. And Peter ends his message with a clear warning to all of us: “Save yourselves from this perverse generation.” (Acts 2:14, 36-41). Indeed, this world we live in is full of perversity and corruption. We may be taken in very easily; thus, we must be on the alert, being guided by Christ, who is the true Shepherd that takes us to the wells of salvation. Jesus Christ suffered for us; he passed through threats, insults and torture. “He was bearing our faults in his own body on the cross so that we might die to our faults and live for holiness; through his wounds you have been healed.” Like sheep gone astray, we were lost, and he came for us, becoming “guardian of our souls” (1 Peter 2:20-25).

In the gospel, Jesus presents himself as the gate, through whom we may pass and find safety. In a different passage, Jesus advised his disciples to pass through the “narrow gate” (Mt 7:13). Jesus is the gate, but, like him, we must carry our cross, having a share in Jesus's sufferings. We must be sure that, going through him, we will be welcomed in Paradise.

The Lord is my shepherd;

  there is nothing I shall want.

Fresh and green are the pastures

  where he gives me repose.

Near restful waters he leads me,

  to revive my drooping spirit.

Psalm 23

LORD, EXPLAIN THE SCRIPTURES TO US

III EASTER SUNDAY - Luke 24:13-35

According to Peter (1 Peter 1:17-21), we live in a foreign land, as in exile, walking towards the promised land in the Kingdom of God. Being in this situation, we “must be scrupulously careful”, aware that we were freed from slavery by Jesus Christ, who paid our ransom with his blood.

In his first speech after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost, Peter confronts people with their biggest sin: they killed the Messiah, the pure and innocent lamb who offered himself as a sacrifice for the redemption of our sins. Then, he proclaimed the resurrection of Jesus Christ and invited all his listeners to repent and convert. Jesus is the only way to the Father; believing in him, we find life and salvation.

Whenever the Gospel is proclaimed, we are invited to become disciples and to join the group of disciples, that is, to become the body of Christ, his Church. It is essential that, in the Church, we make the encounter with Christ and recognise that He is risen. This encounter is made possible through the Word of God and the Eucharist. These are the two sides of the same coin, as we discover in this Sunday’s gospel.

Jesus walks with us along the paths of life. We may not recognise him, but he listens to us and tries to understand our frustrations and backsliding so that we may find hope and purpose in our lives. For that to happen, we must allow ourselves to be confronted by the word of God. His word is both challenging and revealing; it gives understanding and meaning. It guides and motivates us, leading us to faith in Jesus Christ, He who is the Truth and the Life.

However, the proclamation of the Word must end in the breaking of the bread at the table of the Lord. As we discover in the story of the two disciples going to Emmaus, the word led them to invite Jesus into their home. In their hearts, there came a desire to hear more from the master of truth, thus opening new horizons and going deeper into the mystery of salvation. Learning from them, we must press Jesus to be with us: “Stay with us.” The celebration of the Eucharist – the breaking of the bread – is essential for us to recognise the Lord Jesus as the Risen Lord. It was this experience that gave them the strength to return to Jerusalem and give witness that Jesus is alive. The Eucharist makes the mission possible. After this eucharistic celebration, we are sent to our families and our working places to be witnesses of Jesus Christ.

DIVINE MERCY SUNDAY

II EASTER SUNDAY - John 20:19-31

Pope Saint John Paul II established the second Easter Sunday as the Divine Mercy Sunday. We are invited to celebrate God’s mercy in an attitude of thanksgiving, giving praise to God for his eternal mercy. His mercy is the paramount proof of his love. That’s why we repeat with the psalmist:

Let the sons of Israel say:

  ‘His love has no end.’

Let the sons of Aaron say:

  ‘His love has no end.’

Let those who fear the Lord say:

  ‘His love has no end.’ (Psalm 118)

In his first letter, Peter praises God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, for his great mercy which has led him to accept us as his sons. This is a cause of great joy for us. We may go through hardships and suffering, and our faith may be put to the test, but this faith will lead us to the salvation of our souls.

God’s mercy is the fountain of the mercy we must exercise to our brothers. This mercy makes reconciliation possible. Jesus entrusted to his disciples the ministry of reconciliation (2 Co 5:18-19). In his gospel, John clearly presents Jesus entrusting to his disciples the power to forgive sins, that is, to exercise mercy. It is through them that, in the Church, we receive mercy. Then, as we ask for the forgiveness of sins, we must forgive all those who have injured us.

Jesus entrusted to the Church the mission he received from the Father: “As the Father sent me, so am I sending you.” To enable us to carry out this mission, he gave his disciples the Holy Spirit. It is in the power of the Spirit, poured upon the Church by Jesus Christ, that the ministry of reconciliation is exercised.

The first reading (Acts 2:42-47) and the gospel stress the importance of the Church as a community of believers. The bonds of love that establish the communion of the children of God demand our participation and our commitment to the community so that we may be, like the first Christians, “one heart and soul" (Acts 4:32). In the gospel, Thomas was absent from the Sunday assembly. That's why he could not make the experience of the encounter with the Risen Jesus Christ. Once he gathered with the other disciples, he recognised the Lord's presence and was able to profess his faith: “My Lord and my God!” This is our profession of faith as well. This is the profession of faith of the Church. With him we say: “My Lord and my God!”

CHRIST IS RISEN. ALELUIA!

EASTER SUNDAY - Acts 10:34, 37-43

Easter is the greatest feast in the Christian calendar. It comes from the Jewish Passover, in which the liberation from slavery was celebrated. On Easter Sunday, we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ, who conquered death, defeating the slavery of sin, for us to become the beloved children of God. Thus, we are invited to die with Christ to rise with Him. 

On the first reading, taken from the Acts of the Apostles, while addressing Cornelius, Peter presents a summary of the great events surrounding Jesus Christ. According to Peter, everybody heard, and many saw what happened with Jesus. After John the Baptist, Jesus, being full of the Holy Spirit, “went about doing good and curing all who had fallen into the power of the devil”. And Peter stresses the fact that there were many witnesses of what Jesus said and did. However, despite his goodness, they killed Him on a cross; “yet three days afterwards God raised him to life and allowed him to be seen, not by the whole people but only by certain witnesses God had chosen beforehand.” Peter and his companions are the witnesses who had the privilege of having the experience of the Risen Lord. Indeed, “we have eaten and drunk with him after his resurrection from the dead.” From the Lord himself, they received the mandate “to proclaim this to his people and to tell them that God has appointed him to judge everyone, alive or dead.” Jesus is risen and has been constituted the judge of the living and the dead. As a consequence of his rising from the dead to be at the right hand of the Father, “all who believe in Jesus will have their sins forgiven through his name.”

With Peter, we give witness that Jesus is alive, being glorified and constituted the Lord of Lords and the King of Kings. He is the Saviour and Redeemer of humankind. Before him, all knees shall bow, and all tongues confess “that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” (Fil 2:11).

In his letter to the Colossians, Paul tells us that, if we die with Christ, “when Christ is revealed – and he is your life – you too will be revealed in all your glory with him.” For that to be true, Christ must become our model so that we “look for the things that are in heaven, where Christ is, sitting at God’s right hand. Let your thoughts be on heavenly things, not on the things that are on the earth.” (Col 3:1-4).

CRYING OUT IN A LOUD VOICE, JESUS YIELDED UP HIS SPIRIT

 PALM SUNDAY - Matthew 26:14-27:66

We begin Holy Week with Palm Sunday, in which we remember the solemn entrance of Jesus in Jerusalem, when he was acclaimed as the Messiah. Jesus entered accompanied by the crowds who were going on pilgrimage to the great celebration of Passover. The people in Jerusalem got very surprised and asked, "Who is this?” And the crowds answered, "This is the prophet Jesus from Nazareth of Galilee.” And they proclaimed him to be the son of David, that is, the Christ. And they cried out, “Hosanna!" – that is, save us, liberate us. Entering in a humble and simple way, mounted on an ass, Jesus presented no threat to the authorities. He had no armies at his disposal to take power, defeat his enemies and become a real king. However, the authorities got afraid and planned to do away with Jesus.

With the crowds that entered Jerusalem, we recognise and proclaim that Jesus is the Christ, the Anointed One, who came to save us and set us free from all forms of oppression. However, we should not have false expectations like the crowds and even the disciples and the apostles had. Jesus is the Messiah, but he refused to be a political messiah. He did not come to restore the kingdom of David and become a ruler of the world in the manner of all great and powerful kings. He came to be a servant, the servant of God, carrying out his Father’s will, even if that would take him to suffering and death. He redeemed and saved us by shedding his blood on the cross, thus bringing reconciliation with God.

In the second reading, taken from Philippians 2:6-11, Paul quotes a hymn already in use in the church that gives the profound meaning of Jesus’ passion and death. Despite being divine, as the Son of God, Jesus humbled himself  and “became as men are”, accepting death on a cross to overcome the power of death and restore us to life. That’s why “God raised him high and gave him the name which is above all other names.” Every knee shall bend and every tongue shall “acclaim Jesus Christ as Lord, to the glory of God the Father.”

In the gospel, we read Jesus’ passion according to Matthew. Thus, we are invited to live the Holy Week with our eyes fixed on the cross, aware of the great love of the one who shed his life for us so that we may be welcomed into Paradise, sharing there in the glory of the Lord.

MY SOUL IS LONGING FOR THE LORD

V SUNDAY OF LENT - John 11:1-45

This Sunday, we are presented with the third of the three great themes of Lent taken from the Gospel of John. With the Samaritan woman, we were invited to accept Jesus as the fountain of living water. With the blind man, we were taken to Jesus as our Light and the Light of the world. On this last Sunday of Lent, with Martha and in the company of Mary of Bethany, we proclaim that Jesus is the Son of God and that in Him we find true life because He is the resurrection and the life. Step by step, in the company of Jesus and of all his disciples, we are taken up until we reach the summit, proclaiming our faith – that is, the faith of the Church: Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God, who came into this world.

Through the prophet Ezekiel (Ezekiel 37:12-14), God promised to take us out of our graves, putting his spirit in us so that we may live. Most of us are walking dead, dwelling in tombs richly adorned, covered with flowers that deceive us with their soothing odour. In reality, we are rotten, soul and body, and the perfume exhaling from the flowers can’t hide the stinking rottenness of our lives. The society we live in is rotten to the core. Like Lazarus, we must hear the Lord’s word calling us: “Come out.” Come to the Light and live. By the power of Jesus, the Lord of Life, may the promise made through Ezekiel be fulfilled so that we receive his Spirit, who will lead us to Christ to be his true disciples. Indeed, as Paul told the Romans, we must possess the Spirit of Christ to belong to him. And his Spirit will guide us to put our interests in spiritual things. The Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Jesus Christ, has the power to recreate us anew so that we live for God as his beloved children.

My soul is waiting for the Lord.

  I count on his word.

My soul is longing for the Lord

  more than watchman for daybreak.

(Let the watchman count on daybreak

  and Israel on the Lord.)

Psalm 130

LORD, I BELIEVE

IV SUNDAY OF LENT - John 9:1-41

In the year A of the liturgical cycle, the last three Sundays of Lent present three themes profoundly linked to the catechumens who prepare themselves to be baptised: Jesus is the fountain of the living water; he is the light that overcomes our darkness, and in him we find resurrection and life. Each theme is centred on a person and the journey of faith of that person: the Samaritan woman, the blind man and Martha of Bethany.

This Sunday, we are invited to look at the blind man’s journey from darkness to light and from unbelief to belief. As in the case of the Samaritan woman, Jesus takes the initiative; he was the one who saw the blind man and decided to heal him. At first sight, the encounter seems to have happened by chance, but all encounters with Jesus are purposeful. Jesus wanted to reveal himself as the light of the world. In this case, the physical handicap was a sign of a much deeper handicap that affects the soul. In order to be healed and become whole, one must recognise one's blindness and be ready to accept the gift of light. The fortuitous encounter led to a gift so great that it changed the blind man’s life forever. He allowed his heart to be touched, and that led him to a journey of faith that ended in an act of worship. 

Once healed of his blindness, the man was able to recognise and be thankful for the great gift received. He did not know Jesus, but he was going to be questioned and confronted because of Jesus. And those who hated Jesus turned against him, being ready to punish him, even though he had done nothing wrong. The unbelievers who rejected Jesus rejected him as well, refusing to accept his truthful statements. This rejection led him to a deeper understanding of the true Jesus. Immediately after his healing, he answered those who asked him about the healer: “The man called Jesus” did this to me. When asked his opinion about Jesus, he said, "He is a prophet.” Afraid of being expelled from the synagogue, his parents avoided any kind of involvement. Subjected to further questioning, the man unmasked those who confronted him, denying that Jesus could be a sinner and affirming him to come from God: if “this man were not from God, he couldn’t do a thing.” Seeing his determination to give witness to Jesus Christ, they expelled him from the synagogue. This expulsion led Jesus to make a full revelation to the healed man. 

“Jesus heard they had driven him away, and when he found him, he said to him, ‘Do you believe in the Son of Man?’ ‘Sir,’ the man replied, ‘tell me who he is so that I may believe in him.’ Jesus said, ‘You are looking at him; he is speaking to you.’ The man said, ‘Lord, I believe’, and worshipped him.”

JESUS IS THE SAVIOUR OF THE WORLD

III SUNDAY OF LENT - John 4:5-42

Today, we are invited to reflect upon human thirst and the water of life that quenches it. The physical thirst is just a symbol of the thirst of the heart: thirst for justice, peace and love. That is thirst for God, and our hearts do not rest until they find the spring of life.

In the first reading, by the order of God, Moses gets water for the people from a rock, and that rock stands for Christ (Exodus 17:3-7). He is the one who gives us the living water. He is the fountain of life. And, in the gospel, Jesus reveals himself to the Samaritan woman as the giver of life and salvation.

In the dialogue of Jesus with the Samaritan woman, the Gospel of John presents the journey of faith of that woman as a model for all those who search for meaning and accept Jesus’ invitation for a dialogue in which He guides us to the full truth.

Thirsty and tired, Jesus was resting by the well. It was about midday when a Samaritan woman came to draw water. It was as if Jesus waited for her. And he requested from her something very common and very easy to give – a cup of water. Jesus took the initiative and started the conversation. She was surprised and puzzled, feeling uncomfortable. She simply saw a man, a Jewish man in that case. And she made it clear, as if telling him that he was not welcome. However, the conversation had begun, and Jesus surprised the woman even more by offering her living water. How could he? Was he greater than Jacob, who had dug that well? Realising that Jesus was much more than a Jewish man, she dared to ask, "Give me some of that water.” Like the Samaritan, we must ask for the living water, even if we don’t understand its meaning well and what it implies.

Then, without any kind of accusation, Jesus leads her to have a good look at her life. Her life was a mess. With six men in her life, she could not be at peace with herself. She had been searching for love and dignity, but nothing could quench her thirst. Then, she takes one step more towards Christ, recognising him as a prophet. Being the case, she asks for clarification: What is the true worship? And Jesus shows her the truth. Those who worship God “must worship in spirit and truth.” Then, the woman goes one step further, putting herself among those who are waiting for the coming of the Messiah. And Jesus reveals himself to the woman as the Messiah, declaring, "I am he.” Hearing this, she forgot about the water and rushed to the village, telling everybody about the good news of the Messiah.

To the disciples, surprised to see him talking to a woman, Jesus says that his food is to do the will of the Father. Meanwhile, with her witness, the woman led many people to faith in Jesus Christ. They decided to invite Jesus to their village. They had a deep desire to have the same experience of encounter with Christ. 

The passage ends with the profession of faith of those Samaritans: “Now we no longer believe because of what you told us; we have heard him ourselves, and we know that he really is the saviour of the world.”

May the journey of our life lead us to encounter Jesus and be guided by him to the recognition and the proclamation that He is the Saviour of the world.

CALLED TO BE HOLY

II SUNDAY OF LENT - Genesis 12:1-4

On this second Sunday of Lent, we are presented with the calling of Abraham, who is a role model of faith to all of us. In matters of faith, that is, of establishing a relationship with God – He is the one who always takes the first step. He calls, thus entering into a relationship with us. His calling is an invitation that also implies an order: “Leave your country, your family and your father’s house, for the land I will show you.” Answering God’s call demands leaving behind a lot of things that play an important role in our lives. Everything that may stand in the way of accepting and following God’s call must be put aside. We leave behind what we are acquainted with and step into the unknown. Abraham was ordered to go to a land that he did not know. Thus, full of uncertainties, he initiated the adventure of his life. He had to put his trust in the one who called him and move forward with hope, expecting a brighter future, even if he risked endangering everything that he had. With his calling, Abraham received a promise: he would be blessed and become a source of blessing to all nations of the earth, that is, to all those who engage in the same journey to the Promised Land. Certainly, in his heart, Abraham asked a question to which he did not know the answer: What land is God going to show me? To which land are we journeying? Like Abraham, we travel into the unknown guided only by our trust in the Lord.

In the second reading, Paul gives the purpose of God’s calling: God “called us to be holy”. Holiness is the promised land in which we will share the glory of Jesus’ victory over death, proclaiming life and immortality (2 Tim 1:8-10).

In the gospel, Jesus’ transfiguration before the three chosen disciples reveals the Promised Land that is the object of our journey, that is, heaven. There we will be at home and find rest, having all our deepest desires for life and happiness fulfilled. As we climb the mountain, we feel the hardships of the journey. That’s why we need moments like those of Peter, James and John, in which God fills our hearts with joy and hope. Strengthened by God’s grace and love, we may be ready to listen to Jesus’ word and follow him, carrying the cross to Calvary. To reach the victory of resurrection, we must pass through suffering and death with Christ.

“This is my Son, the Beloved; he enjoys my favour. Listen to him.” (Mt 17:1-9)

A PURE HEART CREATE FOR ME, O GOD

I SUNDAY OF LENT - Matthew 4:1-11

We begin Lent being challenged to have a good look at ourselves, our world and humanity in general. In his Lenten message, Pope Leo invites us “to place the mystery of God back in the centre of our lives”. To do that, we must realise that we have ousted Him from our hearts, our lives and our society. Then, we must repent and convert, turning back to God.

The first reading, taken from Genesis 2:7-9, 3:1-7, presents humanity as enslaved by sin. And sin is presented as a deliberate choice of disobedience and revolt against God in an attempt to take his place. We may read the narrative of Adam and Eve's sin as a historical fact or as a picture of our actual attitude towards God. Adam and Eve represent us, the whole of humanity. We have torn apart our communion with God, breaking our ties with him and considering him an obstacle to our freedom, well-being and happiness. We want to decide our own future, since we know what better fits us and our needs. Eating from the tree of knowledge, we will establish what is good, that is, what benefits us and gives us life to the full. We become the Creator, and, doing that, we sit on God’s throne. While doing that, we forget that we are knitting the ropes that enslave us. We end up being controlled by the instruments that we devised to master the world.

In this Sunday’s gospel, Jesus is presented with three great proposals that, throughout the centuries, have guided humanity in their search for life and salvation. The satisfaction of our needs is paramount, and it comes before anything else, putting everything at our service. We live for that, and our desires must be satisfied to find relief and feel at peace with ourselves. For that, we are ready to manipulate God, forcing him to do what serves us and enhances our self-satisfaction. In the end, we struggle for the throne, holding power and grabbing wealth to achieve whatever we wish. I don’t need God; I am god.

Jesus rejected all proposals, putting himself wholly at the service of God. He came to do His will, and that is the only way for humanity to achieve life and salvation.

Let us pray with Psalm 51:

A pure heart create for me, O God,

  put a steadfast spirit within me.

Do not cast me away from your presence,

  nor deprive me of your holy spirit.

Have mercy on us, O Lord, for we have sinned.

Give me again the joy of your help;

  with a spirit of fervour sustain me,

O Lord, open my lips

  and my mouth shall declare your praise.

 HE HAS GIVEN NO ONE PERMISSION TO SIN

VI SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME - Matthew 5:17-37

Nowadays, it is common to hear some people say, “God made me like this.” So, there is nothing wrong with me, and people must accept me as I am. Thus, my flaws become virtues, and I feel proud of them. We justify ourselves and blame God for our failures. The first reading, taken from the book of Sirach, gives a clear answer to that claim: 

“He never commanded anyone to be godless,

  he has given no one permission to sin.” 

Indeed, “If you wish, you can keep the commandments, to behave faithfully is within your power.” There are two ways set before us: one leads to life and the other to death. “Man has life and death before him; whichever a man likes better will be given him.” (Sir 15:16-21).

We must accept responsibility for our actions. Nobody else is answerable for what we do but us. Whenever we deviate from the right path, we must recognise it and ask for forgiveness, entrusting ourselves to God’s grace and mercy.

In this regard, let us pray with Psalm 119:

They are happy whose life is blameless,

  who follow God’s law!

They are happy who do his will,

  seeking him with all their hearts.

They are happy who follow God’s law!

You have laid down your precepts

  to be obeyed with care.

May my footsteps be firm

  to obey your statutes.

In the Gospel, Jesus advises us to stay away from the scribes and Pharisees. They are very demanding and rigorous in their teachings about the Law, but they ignore the spirit of the same Law. They do everything to be recognised as just and holy, easily finding excuses for themselves. Jesus is concerned with the spirit of the Law, and he makes it clear that the sinful actions begin in our hearts.

And Jesus addressed four areas of human life where people easily find excuses to discard their sense of guilt and the need for repentance and conversion. Relationships among people must be based on respect for life and dignity, and whenever one breaks the bond of communion, they must ask for forgiveness and reconcile. A serious and committed relationship with God implies a serious and committed relationship with others.

Then, Jesus addresses the relationship between men and women, a relationship that must be lived in love sealed in marriage. Adultery destroys marriage, and it is sinful. And everything that leads to adultery falls into the same category. About marriage, Jesus makes it clear that divorce is not in God’s plans. The couple is called to be a sign in the family and in society of God’s committed and faithful love.

Finally, according to Jesus, we must not swear. Oaths are proof that we are neither sincere nor truthful. Thus, we are not trustworthy before God and before society. “All you need say is “Yes” if you mean yes, “No” if you mean no; anything more than this comes from the evil one.”